Your intuition tells you that sounds behave funny when the object
making the sound is moving relative to where you are. As the honking
horn movies showed us, either the object can be moving while you
are stationary or you can be moving while the object is stationary.
Let's see if you can
start putting some definition to that intuition. Maybe answering
the following two questions will help.
To investigate this
further we're going to make a Doppler Ball, a sponge or nerf ball
that has a battery operated siren tucked inside of it. You can't
buy a doppler ball, so you're going to have to make one. When
the battery is connected the horn/siren is activated and emits
a sound with a constant pitch.
Here's
how to make a doppler ball
Toss the ball around
the room. Try these four things with the ball. Don't forget to
record your observations:
- What
is the pitch of the siren when the doppler ball is not moving?
- What
does the pitch of the siren do when the ball is moving toward
you?
- What
does the pitch of the siren do when the ball is moving away
from you?
- Leave
the ball stationary. What does the pitch of the siren do when
you run toward and away from the ball?